Sylvatic cycle

The sylvatic cycle, also enzootic or sylvatic transmission cycle, is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a pathogen. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population's lifespan spent cycling between wild animals and vectors. Humans are usually an incidental or dead-end host, infected by a vector. This is opposed to an "domestic", or "urban", cycle, in which the pathogen cycles between vectors and non-wild, urban, or domestic animals; humans may have differing infection rates from these cycles due to transmission efficiencies and environmental exposure levels.[1][2]

Examples of pathogens that contain a sylvatic cycle include trichinosis,[3] dengue viruses,[4] Yersinia pestis,[2], and Chagas disease[5][1]

References

  1. ^ a b Fernandes O, Mangia RH, Lisboa CV et al. (1999). "The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene". Parasitology 118 ( Pt 2): 161–6. PMID 10028530. 
  2. ^ a b Plague: Yersinia pestis
  3. ^ Schmitt N, Saville JM, Greenway JA, Stovell PL, Friis L, Hole L (1978). "Sylvatic trichinosis in British Columbia: potential threat to human health from an independent cycle". Public Health Rep 93 (2): 189–93. PMC 1431877. PMID 635095. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1431877. 
  4. ^ Vasilakis N, Holmes EC, Fokam EB et al. (2007). "Evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses". J. Virol. 81 (17): 9591–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.02776-06. PMC 1951459. PMID 17553878. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1951459. 
  5. ^ Epidemiology of Chagas disease